E405 Introduction to Fluid Mechanics
Teaching
staff: Dr. A.V. Salsac (Lectures &
Tutorials): a.salsac@ucl.ac.uk,
Prof. S. Rusling (Tutorials): s.rusling@ucl.ac.uk
Lectures: Mondays 12:30-1:30pm
(weeks 2-11, 13-22), room 421
Problem
sessions: Fridays 12:00-1:00pm
(weeks 1-11, 13-22), rooms 421-422
Office
hours: Mondays 5:00-6:00pm
Homework: due Fridays at the beginning
of the problem session
Lab
sessions: Wind tunnel (full
write-up)
Venturi
meter (demonstration + calculation)
Laminar and
turbulent flow in a pipe (full write-up)
Grades:
30% Exam + 40% Final + 15%
Labs + 15% Homework
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Theme: Evaluation of forces acting on
objects or bodies in static and flowing fluids due to pressure distributions
and viscous effects.
Tools: Equilibrium of forces, Newton’s laws of motion
applied to a fluid.
Applied calculus,
algebra, manipulations. Proofs.
OUTLINE SYLLABUS
Chapter 1: Introduction to Fluid Mechanics
Definitions
(fluids, continuum, etc.). Dimensions and unit systems.
Chapter 2: Fluid Properties
Mass,
weight and density. Temperature. Viscosity. Pressure
Chapter 3: Fluid Statics
Distribution
of pressure in a fluid at rest. Fundamental equilibrium condition applied to (i) liquids, (ii) gases.
Manometry.
Forces on immersed surfaces in liquids. Archimedes’ principle.
Pressure
distribution in accelerated fluids; translation, rotation.
Chapter 4: Conservation Equations in Integral Form
Classification
of flows. Definitions (streamlines, pathlines, etc.)
Conservation
of mass
Conservation
of momentum applied to a control volume
Examples:
applications to blades, vanes, cascades, contractions, nozzles, jets, flat
plate boundary layer.
Chapter 5: Incompressible Inviscid Flow
Bernoulli’s
equation. Static, dynamic and stagnation pressure.
Pitot tube,
stagnation point, static pressure hole. Pitot-static tube, free stream dynamic
pressure. Dimensionless pressure coefficient.
Flow
measurement or metering. Orifices, venturis, ducts, nozzles. Empirical
discharge coefficients.
Steady flow
energy equation. Relation to Bernoulli. Head loss due to friction. Power input
to a pump.
Chapter 6: Dimensional Analysis and Similitude
Similarity
and modelling.
Model
testing.
Chapter 7: Internal Incompressible Viscous Flow
Effect of
viscosity. Shear stress and velocity gradient. Wall shear stress.
Reynolds’
experiments in pipes, laminar motion, transition, turbulent motion.
Dynamic
similarity. Reynolds number.
Analysis of
pipe flow: Hagen-Poiseuille theory for laminar flows.
Friction
factor. Darcy’s equation for head loss.
Empirical
results for turbulent flow. Velocity profiles. 1/7th power law.
Friction factor correlations. Head loss coefficients for valves bends, etc.
Applications in pipe networks and in draining/filling problems. Quasi-steady
flow.
Chapter 8: External Incompressible Viscous Flow
Dimensionless
force coefficients. Drag coefficient. Lift coefficient. Bluff and slender
bodies.
Nature of
real flows at high Reynolds number.
Boundary
layers. Phenomenon of separation. Favourable and adverse pressure gradients.
Contribution
to total profile drag. Form drag, skin friction.
REFERENCES
Fox R. W.,
McDonald A T., Pritchard P. J. “Introduction to Fluid Mechanics.” Wiley &
Sons, 6th edition (2004). ISBN 0-471-20231-2